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Nigerian Recipes

Nigerian cuisine paints West Africa's palette: jollof rice, egusi soup, suya, fried plantain. Palm oil, chili and ground melon seeds appear often.

23 recipes

Nigerian cuisine is a tradition that brings together the culinary heritage of the three main ethnic groups of West Africa's largest country of 200 million people, the Hausa north, the Yoruba southwest, and the Igbo southeast, a base of palm oil, chili, yam, and cassava, and traces of British colonial influence (such as Jollof rice). Tatonia features a range of Nigerian recipes; the highlights include Jollof rice (a subject of West African national rivalry), egusi soup (a meat stew in a melon-seed sauce), pounded yam (iyan, mashed yam, a staple food), suya (spiced beef skewers), akara (black-eyed pea fritters), and moin moin (steamed bean pudding). Jollof rice (of Senegalese origin, but the subject of a cultural rivalry over 'who makes it better' among Nigeria, Ghana, and Sierra Leone, the 'Jollof Wars'); the classic Nigerian version is long-grain rice, tomato, onion, pepper, scotch bonnet chili, and lamb or beef stock, slow-cooked for 30 to 40 minutes, with a crust at the bottom known as 'party rice.' Suya (of Hausa origin) has a classic formula: thinly sliced beef sirloin, suya spice (ground peanut, chili, ginger, garlic powder, onion powder, salt), threaded onto skewers, and charcoal-grilled; a street food of northern Nigeria. Egusi soup (egusi meaning melon seed) has a classic recipe: melon-seed flour, palm oil, meat or fish, leafy greens (ugu leaf is classic), scotch bonnet, a bouillon cube, and 25 to 30 minutes of simmering; served with iyan or fufu. Pounded yam (iyan) is a Yoruba classic; boiled yam is pounded in a wooden mortar until it becomes an elastic dough. This page covers a Nigerian repertoire, from the national rivalry of Jollof rice to classic meat stews like egusi and okra soup, and on to street foods like suya and akara.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the Jollof Wars?
The Jollof Wars are a cultural rivalry among Senegal, Nigeria, Ghana, and Sierra Leone over 'who makes Jollof rice better'; it has been viral on social media since 2014. It is of Senegalese origin (the thieboudienne dish of the Wolof people, 14th to 16th century) but is claimed by Nigeria with national-dish status. The Nigerian version is long-grain parboiled rice with plenty of tomato, scotch bonnet chili, lamb or beef stock, long slow cooking, and a 'party rice' crust at the bottom. The Ghanaian version is jasmine rice with ginger and onion, with a ginger emphasis. The Senegalese original (thiéboudienne) is made with fish and vegetables. In 2021 UNESCO registered Senegalese thiéboudienne as Intangible Cultural Heritage, officially settling this debate in Senegal's favor; but culinary rivalries continue.
What does suya spice (Yaji) contain?
The signature of suya is the yaji (suya pepper) spice blend; the classic formula: 1 cup roasted peanut (ground), 2 tablespoons hot red pepper, 1 tablespoon ginger powder, 1 tablespoon garlic powder, 1 tablespoon onion powder, 1 teaspoon cinnamon, 1 teaspoon salt, and 1 teaspoon nutmeg. The peanut acts as an emulsifier; it sticks to the meat on the skewers and caramelizes over the charcoal heat. The classic Hausa (northern Nigeria) street-food format: thinly sliced beef, dipped in yaji, on a bamboo skewer, charcoal-grilled for 8 to 10 minutes, served with extra yaji, sliced onion, tomato, and a side of sweet potato.
What vegetables is egusi soup made with?
The signature of egusi soup is egusi (melon-seed flour, ground and roasted) and leafy greens. Classic formula: 1 cup egusi powder, 250 g meat or fish, 1 cup palm oil, 4 tablespoons tomato paste, 2 scotch bonnet chilies, 1 cup ugu leaf (Telfairia occidentalis, the Nigerian melon leaf; spinach or chard as an alternative), 2 cups lamb stock, and 25 to 30 minutes of simmering. The egusi powder is added not to water but to the oil; it roasts in the oil to lose its moisture, forms small clumps, and gives the sauce its body. Pounded yam (iyan) or fufu accompanies it; it is served not as a soup but as a hot stew.
How is pounded yam made?
Pounded yam (Yoruba: iyan) is a classic staple base of Nigeria, particularly of the Yoruba ethnic group. Classic recipe: 1 kg yam (puna yam or white yam preferred) is peeled and boiled in unsalted water in large pieces for 30 to 40 minutes. Then two people take turns pounding it in a wooden mortar (odo) with a wooden pestle (omo odo), drizzling in water until it forms an elastic dough, for 10 to 15 minutes. A modern alternative: yam flour (instant pounded yam) and hot water, for home conditions. Served with egusi soup, ogbono soup, or okra soup; small pieces are pulled off by hand and dipped into the sauces. Yam is not a potato; it is a tropical root vegetable, white inside, with a starchier texture.

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